Chinese grammar / 486 topics
Chinese grammar · page 10
Find a sentence pattern, read how it works, and practise it with Chinese examples, pinyin and English translations.
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其中 qízhōng
其中 (Qízhōng): Among Them, Of Which, and Within a Set
Refer back to an established group with 其中 to identify a subset, a particular member, or an item standing out from the rest.
这个 zhège
这个 After a Person or Name: Labels and Emphatic Topics
Recognize person + 这个 + label for emphatic judgments, and compare neutral topic descriptions with 这种 or 这类.
了 le
了 After an Object: Completed Events and Sentence Rhythm
Compare verb + 了 + object with verb + object + 了, considering context, object length, and the difference between aspect and new relevance.
了 le
了 with Complements: After Results and Inside Directional Phrases
Place 了 after verb-result compounds and recognize selected directional constructions where it can follow the main verb.
嘛 ma
Topic + 嘛: Introducing What You Want to Discuss
Use 嘛 after a topic to create a conversational frame before the comment, and distinguish it from sentence-final obviousness.
呢 ne
呢 (Ne) in Questions: Wondering, Weighing Choices, and Tone
Add 呢 to question-word, alternative, and affirmative-negative questions for a reflective or context-sensitive conversational tone.
以上、以下、以内、以外 yǐshàng, yǐxià, yǐnèi, yǐwài
以上, 以下, 以内, and 以外: Setting Chinese Limits
Define upper and lower bounds with 以上, 以下, 以内, and 以外, and make exact boundary inclusion clear from context.
随着 suízhe
随着 (Suízhe): Along With and Changes That Develop Together
Use 随着 before a movement, condition, or developing process to show another action or change accompanying it.
自从 zìcóng
自从 (Zìcóng): Ever Since a Starting Event in Chinese
Introduce a past starting point with 自从 and describe the changes or continuing situation that follow, sometimes with 以来.
对…而言 duì…éryán
对…而言 (Duì…Éryán): From Someone’s Point of View
Use 对…而言 to identify whose circumstances or perspective a comment applies to, as a more formal alternative to 对…来说.
在内 zài nèi
在内 (Zài Nèi): Including Items Within a Total or Group
Use 包括…在内 and related 在内 phrases to make clear which people, costs, or items belong inside a stated total.
凭 píng
凭 (Píng): On the Basis Of, By Virtue Of, and Evidence
Use 凭 before a credential, resource, or reason that enables an action or supports a judgment, and recognize challenging 凭什么 questions.
给 gěi
Passive 给 (Gěi): Colloquial Got-Done-To Patterns
Recognize 给 as a colloquial passive marker and its emphatic use alongside 被 when describing an affected participant.
至于 zhìyú
至于 (Zhìyú): As For and Turning to a Related Topic
Use 至于 to move from an established discussion to a related issue, followed by the comment or answer about that issue.
就…来说 jiù…láishuō
就 for Scope: Regarding a Topic and From One Aspect
Use 就 before a discussion topic or with 来说 and 而言 to limit the perspective or aspect covered by a comment.
趁 chèn
趁 (Chèn): Do Something While the Opportunity Lasts
Learn how 趁 introduces a useful opportunity or temporary situation, so an action happens while conditions are favorable.
并不；并没有 bìng bù; bìng méiyǒu
并不 and 并没有 (Bìng): Emphasize a Chinese Negation
Use 并不 and 并没有 to reject an assumption or emphasize that something is not true, without changing the basic negation.
要不是 yàobushì
要不是 (Yàobushì): If It Were Not For
Explain how 要不是 introduces a counterfactual condition, crediting help or identifying what prevented a different outcome.
多亏 duōkuī
多亏 (Duōkuī): Say Thanks To in Chinese
Use 多亏 to credit helpful circumstances, connect them to a good outcome, and explain the trouble they helped prevent.
而已 éryǐ
而已 (Éryǐ): Express Only, Merely, or That's All
Learn where to place 而已 when limiting a claim to a noun, amount, or action, often alongside 只 or 仅仅.
将 jiāng
将 (Jiāng) as a Formal Alternative to 把
Understand the object-marking use of 将, its formal register, and how the following verb phrase describes handling or change.
什么 shénme
Verb + 什么 (Shénme): Challenge an Action in Chinese
Learn how rhetorical 什么 questions challenge someone's action, including the emphatic verb + 什么 + verb pattern.
像；不像 xiàng; bù xiàng
像…一样 and 不像…那么: Compare Specific Qualities
Compare how people or things share a quality with 像…一样, and express a lower degree with 不像…那么.
比起；相比 bǐqǐ; xiāngbǐ
比起…来 and 相比: Make Chinese Comparisons
Use 比起…来 and 与…相比 to establish a comparison point before describing a difference, judgment, or preference.
不如 bùrú
不如 (Bùrú): Not as Good as and Better To
Learn how 不如 compares quality or degree and how its suggestion use introduces a preferable course of action.
化 huà
化 (Huà): Form Chinese Words Meaning -ize or -ify
Understand how 化 forms words for transformation and processes, including noun-like uses in formal and technical Chinese.
难怪 nánguài
难怪 (Nánguài) as a Verb: Hard to Blame
Distinguish the verb use of 难怪, meaning someone cannot reasonably be blamed, from its familiar no-wonder use.
将；将要；将会 jiāng; jiāngyào; jiānghuì
将, 将要, and 将会: Express Future Events Formally
Use 将, 将要, and 将会 for future events in announcements, predictions, and formal writing, without implying only the near future.
并 bìng
并 (Bìng): Connect Related Verb Phrases
Learn how 并 joins related actions in concise written Chinese, and how it differs from 并 used before a negative.
由 yóu
由 (Yóu): Identify Who Handles or Causes an Action
Use 由 to identify the person responsible for an action, decision, or event, often after the matter being discussed.
难免 nánmiǎn
难免 (Nánmiǎn): Say Something Is Hard to Avoid
Describe natural or difficult-to-avoid outcomes with 难免, including its common combinations with 会 and 有点.
并且 bìngqiě
并且 (Bìngqiě): Add And Also or Moreover
Connect related actions with 并且 and strengthen an additional point using 还, 也, or a preceding 不但 clause.
值得 zhídé
值得 (Zhídé): Say Something Is Worth Doing
Use 值得 to evaluate an action or experience, and distinguish it from 值 when stating a monetary value.
害得 hàide
害得 (Hàide): Describe an Unwanted Consequence
Learn how 害得 links a cause to trouble, worry, or another unwelcome result, often with a complaining tone.
受 shòu
受 (Shòu): Express Being Affected or Receiving Treatment
Learn common 受 constructions for receiving respect, influence, or harm, and why 受 cannot replace 被 in every passive.
着 zhe
Verb + 着 + Verb + 着: As an Action Continues
Describe an ongoing activity that leads into a new development with the repeated verb + 着 pattern and a following result.
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