How to use 以及
Item 1、item 2 + 以及 + item 3
以及 connects related items in a relatively written or formal style. It often introduces the final member of a list, making it useful in descriptions, reports, and announcements. The connected material commonly consists of noun phrases, though fuller phrases can also occur when the structure is parallel. English may simply use and rather than the heavier as well as.
Place 以及 between the last added item and the preceding material, keeping all items compatible with the rest of the sentence. Earlier items may receive greater emphasis, but the word does not establish a rigid hierarchy in every list. Do not use it as an unrestricted conversational replacement for every 和 or every English and, especially when the relationship is a sequence of actions.
Examples with pinyin and English
请带上护照、机票以及酒店地址。
Please bring your passport, plane ticket, and hotel address.
以及 introduces the final member of a noun list.
会议讨论了时间、地点以及费用。
The meeting covered the time, location, and cost.
The linked items share the same grammatical role.
她负责联系客户以及整理资料。
She is responsible for contacting clients and organizing materials.
以及 links two parallel verb-object phrases.
What to remember
- Use 以及 to add a related item or final list member.
- Keep the linked phrases grammatically parallel.
- Prefer it where a written or formal register fits.
Practise the pattern
Use one example as a model. Change the people, objects or situation, keeping the grammar pattern in the same order. Read the explanation again to check how your sentence uses the construction.
Look up the grammar words
Source and editorial notes
Explanation and examples written for Laowai using the grammar curriculum as a topic reference. The original curriculum credits AllSet Learning’s Chinese Grammar Wiki as used with permission. Read the retained source credits.
Difficulty labels describe the level of the explanation; they are not official HSK placement. Send a correction with this page’s URL.